git when-merged

git when-merged帮助您了解提交何时以及为什么被合并到分支中。

如果您使用标准的Git工作流程，那么您将为每个正在工作的功能创建一个功能分支。当功能完成时，您将其合并到您的master分支。您甚至可能有在合并到功能分支之前先合并到功能分支的子功能分支。

在这样的工作流程中，master的第一父历史主要是由功能分支合并到主线的历史记录。可以使用git when-merged来询问，“提交C何时（以及为什么）被合并到当前分支？”使用它的最简单方法是

$ git when-merged 87c248f
refs/heads/master                      50f577451448a407ee8e78ed62aa09d209c91652

此命令沿着当前分支的第一父历史查找首次将提交87c248f引入分支历史记录的合并提交。在这个案例中，有罪的合并提交是50f5774。添加-l选项以查看该合并的日志，这可能会解释正在合并的功能以及由谁合并

$ git when-merged -l 87c248f
refs/heads/master                      50f577451448a407ee8e78ed62aa09d209c91652
commit 50f577451448a407ee8e78ed62aa09d209c91652 (github/master, master)
Merge: f79a45d 87c248f
Author: Michael Haggerty <mhagger@alum.mit.edu>
Date:   Mon Jul 11 07:55:19 2016 +0200

    Merge pull request #9 from mhagger/recursive-option

    Add a `--recursive`/`-r` option

还有更多选项；请见下文。

安装

注意：如果您使用2.6 <= Python <= 3.6，您必须使用选项3或4。

$ brew update
$ brew install git-when-merged

用法

git when-merged [OPTIONS] COMMIT [BRANCH...]

查找将 COMMIT 带入指定 BRANCH(es) 的合并提交。具体来说，查找每个 BRANCH 首先父历史中包含 COMMIT 作为祖先的最旧的提交。

positional arguments:
  commit                The commit whose destiny you would like to determine.
  branch                The destination branch(es) into which <commit> might
                        have been merged. (Actually, BRANCH can be an
                        arbitrary commit, specified in any way that is
                        understood by git-rev-parse(1).) If neither <branch>
                        nor --pattern/-p nor --default/-s is specified, then
                        HEAD is used.

optional arguments:
  -h, --help            show this help message and exit
  --pattern PATTERN, -p PATTERN
                        Show when COMMIT was merged to the references matching
                        the specified regexp. If the regexp has parentheses
                        for grouping, then display in the output the part of
                        the reference name matching the first group.
  --name NAME, -n NAME  Show when COMMIT was merged to the references matching
                        the configured pattern(s) with the given name (see
                        whenmerged.<name>.pattern below under CONFIGURATION).
  --default, -s         Shorthand for "--name=default".
  --recursive, -r       Follow merges back recursively.
  --show-commit, -c     Display only the SHA-1 of the merge commit. Exit with
                        a nonzero exit code if the commit was not merged via a
                        merge commit.
  --show-branch, -b     Display the range of commits that were merged at the
                        same time as the specified commit. Exit with a nonzero
                        exit code if the commit was not merged via a merge
                        commit. This option also affects the behavior of --log
                        and --visualize.
  --abbrev N            Abbreviate commit SHA-1s to the specified number of
                        characters (or more if needed to avoid ambiguity). See
                        also whenmerged.abbrev below under CONFIGURATION.
  --no-abbrev           Do not abbreviate commit SHA-1s.
  --describe            Describe the merge commit in terms of the most recent
                        tag reachable from the commit (see git-describe(1))
  --describe-contains   Describe the merge commit in terms of a nearby tag
                        that contains it (see git-describe(1))
  --log, -l             Show the log for the merge commit. When used with
                        "--show-branch/-b", show the log for all of the
                        commits that were merged at the same time as the
                        specified commit.
  --diff, -d            Show the diff for the merge commit.
  --visualize, -v       Visualize the merge commit using gitk. When used with
                        "--show-branch/-b", only show the branch(es) that were
                        merged at the same time as the specified commit.

Examples:
  git when-merged 0a1b                   # Find the merge commit that brought
                                         # commit 0a1b into the current branch
  git when-merged 0a1b v1.10 v1.11       # Find merge into given tags/branches
  git when-merged 0a1b -p feature-[0-9]+ # Specify tags/branches by regex
  git when-merged 0a1b -n releases       # Use whenmerged.releases.pattern
  git when-merged 0a1b -s                # Use whenmerged.default.pattern

  git when-merged -r 0a1b                # If the commit was merged indirectly,
                                         # show each intermediate merge.
  git when-merged -l 0a1b                # Show the log for the merge commit
  git when-merged -lb 0a1b               # Show log for the whole merged branch
  git when-merged -v 0a1b                # Visualize the merge commit in gitk
  git when-merged -vb 0a1b               # Visualize the whole merged branch
  git when-merged -d 0a1b                # Show the diff for the merge commit
  git when-merged -c 0a1b                # Print only the merge's SHA-1

Configuration:
  whenmerged.<name>.pattern
      Regular expressions that match reference names for the pattern
      called <name>.  A regexp is sought in the full reference name,
      in the form "refs/heads/master".  This option can be multivalued, in
      which case references matching any of the patterns are considered.
      Typically the pattern will be chosen to match master and/or significant
      release branches or tags, or perhaps their remote-tracking equivalents.
      For example,

          git config whenmerged.default.pattern '^refs/heads/master$'
          git config --add whenmerged.default.pattern '^refs/heads/maint$'

      or

          git config whenmerged.releases.pattern '^refs/tags/release-'

  whenmerged.abbrev
      If this value is set to a positive integer, then Git SHA-1s are
      abbreviated to this number of characters (or longer if needed to
      avoid ambiguity).  This value can be overridden using --abbrev=N
      or --no-abbrev.

git when-merged最初基于这里的建议。