rfc3986 2.0.0

替换urlparse

解析URI并接收类似标准库的urllib.parse.urlparse

from rfc3986 import urlparse

ssh = urlparse('ssh://user@git.openstack.org:29418/openstack/glance.git')
print(ssh.scheme)  # => ssh
print(ssh.userinfo)  # => user
print(ssh.params)  # => None
print(ssh.port)  # => 29418

要创建一个带有新片段的副本，可以使用copy_with

new_ssh = ssh.copy_with(
    scheme='https'
    userinfo='',
    port=443,
    path='/openstack/glance'
)
print(new_ssh.scheme)  # => https
print(new_ssh.userinfo)  # => None
# etc.

严格解析URI并应用验证

要解析URI到一个方便的命名元组，可以简单地

from rfc3986 import uri_reference

example = uri_reference('http://example.com')
email = uri_reference('mailto:user@domain.com')
ssh = uri_reference('ssh://user@git.openstack.org:29418/openstack/keystone.git')

使用解析后的URI，您可以访问组件数据

print(example.scheme)  # => http
print(email.path)  # => user@domain.com
print(ssh.userinfo)  # => user
print(ssh.host)  # => git.openstack.org
print(ssh.port)  # => 29418

它还可以解析包含unicode的URI

uni = uri_reference(b'http://httpbin.org/get?utf8=\xe2\x98\x83')  # ☃
print(uni.query)  # utf8=%E2%98%83

使用解析后的URI，您还可以验证它

if ssh.is_valid():
    subprocess.call(['git', 'clone', ssh.unsplit()])

您还可以将解析后的URI规范化

mangled = uri_reference('hTTp://exAMPLe.COM')
print(mangled.scheme)  # => hTTp
print(mangled.authority)  # => exAMPLe.COM

normal = mangled.normalize()
print(normal.scheme)  # => http
print(mangled.authority)  # => example.com

但是这两个URI（功能上）是等效的

if normal == mangled:
    webbrowser.open(normal.unsplit())

尽管如此，我们的路径、查询和片段是安全的

mangled = uri_reference('hTTp://exAMPLe.COM/Some/reallY/biZZare/pAth')
normal = mangled.normalize()
assert normal == 'hTTp://exAMPLe.COM/Some/reallY/biZZare/pAth'
assert normal == 'http://example.com/Some/reallY/biZZare/pAth'
assert normal != 'http://example.com/some/really/bizzare/path'

如果您实际上不需要真实的引用对象，只想标准化URI

from rfc3986 import normalize_uri

assert (normalize_uri('hTTp://exAMPLe.COM/Some/reallY/biZZare/pAth') ==
        'http://example.com/Some/reallY/biZZare/pAth')

您也可以非常简单地验证URI

from rfc3986 import is_valid_uri

assert is_valid_uri('hTTp://exAMPLe.COM/Some/reallY/biZZare/pAth')

from rfc3986 import is_valid_uri

assert is_valid_uri('http://localhost:8774/v2/resource',
                    require_scheme=True,
                    require_authority=True,
                    require_path=True)

# Assert that a mailto URI is invalid if you require an authority
# component
assert is_valid_uri('mailto:user@example.com', require_authority=True) is False

from rfc3986 import uri_reference

http = uri_reference('http://localhost:8774/v2/resource')
assert uri.is_valid(require_scheme=True,
                    require_authority=True,
                    require_path=True)

# Assert that a mailto URI is invalid if you require an authority
# component
mailto = uri_reference('mailto:user@example.com')
assert uri.is_valid(require_authority=True) is False