CLI tool to convert a python project's %-formatted strings to f-strings.
Project description
flynt - string formatting converter
flynt is a command line tool to automatically convert a project's Python code from old "%-formatted" and .format(...) strings into Python 3.6+'s "f-strings".
F-Strings:
Not only are they more readable, more concise, and less prone to error than other ways of formatting, but they are also faster!
Installation
pip install flynt. It requires Python version 3.6+.
Usage
To run: flynt {source_file_or_directory}
Flynt will modify the files it runs on. Add your project to version control system before using flynt.
- Given a single file, it will 'f-stringify' it: replace all applicable string formatting in this file (file will be modified).
- Given a folder, it will search the folder recursively and f-stringify all the .py files it finds. It skips some hard-coded folder names:
blacklist = {'.tox', 'venv', 'site-packages', '.eggs'}.
It turns the code it runs on into Python 3.6+, since 3.6 is when "f-strings" were introduced.
Command line options
usage: flynt [-h] [--verbose | --quiet]
[--no-multiline | --line-length LINE_LENGTH]
[--transform-concats] [--fail-on-change]
src [src ...]
positional arguments:
src source file(s) or directory
optional arguments:
-h, --help show this help message and exit
--verbose run with verbose output
--quiet run without output
--no-multiline convert only single line expressions
--line-length LINE_LENGTH
for expressions spanning multiple lines, convert only
if the resulting single line will fit into the line
length limit. Default value is 88 characters.
--transform-concats Replace string concatenations with literals with
f-strings. Available only if flynt is installed with
3.8+ interpreter.
--fail-on-change Fail when changing files (for linting purposes)
Sample output of a successful run:
38f9d3a65222:~ ikkamens$ git clone https://github.com/pallets/flask.git
Cloning into 'flask'...
...
Resolving deltas: 100% (12203/12203), done.
38f9d3a65222:open_source ikkamens$ flynt flask
Running flynt v.0.40
Flynt run has finished. Stats:
Execution time: 0.789s
Files modified: 21
Character count reduction: 299 (0.06%)
Per expression type:
Old style (`%`) expressions attempted: 40/42 (95.2%)
`.format(...)` calls attempted: 26/33 (78.8%)
F-string expressions created: 48
Out of all attempted transforms, 7 resulted in errors.
To find out specific error messages, use --verbose flag.
_-_._-_._-_._-_._-_._-_._-_._-_._-_._-_._-_._-_._-_._-_._-_._-_._-_._-_._-_._-_._-_._-_._-_._-_._-_.
Please run your tests before commiting. Did flynt get a perfect conversion? give it a star at:
~ https://github.com/ikamensh/flynt ~
Thank you for using flynt. Upgrade more projects and recommend it to your colleagues!
38f9d3a65222:~ ikkamens$
Pre-commit hook
To make sure all formatted strings are always converted to f-strings, you can add flynt to your pre-commit hooks.
Add a new section to .pre-commit-config.yaml:
- repo: local
hooks:
- id: flynt
name: flynt
entry: flynt
args: [--fail-on-change]
types: [python]
language: python
additional_dependencies:
- flynt
This will run flynt on all modified files before commiting.
You can skip conversion of certain lines by adding # noqa [: anything else] flynt [anything else]
About
Read up on f-strings here:
After obsessively refactoring a project at work, and not even covering 50% of f-string candidates, I realized there was some place for automation. Also it was very interesting to work with ast module.
Dangers of conversion
It is not guaranteed that formatted strings will be exactly the same as before conversion.
'%s' % var is converted to f'{var}'. There is a case when this will behave different from the original - if var is a tuple of one element. In this case, %s displays the element, and f-string displays the tuple. Example:
foo = (1,)
print('%s' % foo) # prints '1'
print(f'{foo}') # prints '(1,)'
Furthermore, some arguments cause formatting of strings to throw exceptions, e.g. print('%d' % 'bla'). While most cases are covered by taking the formatting specifiers to the f-strings format, the precise exception behaviour might differ as well.
