extruct 0.17.0

一次性提取

使用extruct的最简单示例是调用 extruct.extract(htmlstring, base_url=base_url)，传入一些HTML字符串和可选的基本URL。

让我们在一个使用所有支持的语法（RDFa与ogp）的网页上尝试这个例子。

首先使用python-requests获取HTML，然后将响应体传递给 extruct

>>> import extruct
>>> import requests
>>> import pprint
>>> from w3lib.html import get_base_url
>>>
>>> pp = pprint.PrettyPrinter(indent=2)
>>> r = requests.get('https://www.optimizesmart.com/how-to-use-open-graph-protocol/')
>>> base_url = get_base_url(r.text, r.url)
>>> data = extruct.extract(r.text, base_url=base_url)
>>>
>>> pp.pprint(data)
{ 'dublincore': [ { 'elements': [ { 'URI': 'http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/description',
                                      'content': 'What is Open Graph Protocol '
                                                 'and why you need it? Learn to '
                                                 'implement Open Graph Protocol '
                                                 'for Facebook on your website. '
                                                 'Open Graph Protocol Meta Tags.',
                                      'name': 'description'}],
                      'namespaces': {},
                      'terms': []}],

'json-ld': [ { '@context': 'https://schema.org',
                 '@id': '#organization',
                 '@type': 'Organization',
                 'logo': 'https://www.optimizesmart.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/optimize-smart-Twitter-logo.jpg',
                 'name': 'Optimize Smart',
                 'sameAs': [ 'https://#/optimizesmart/',
                             'https://uk.linkedin.com/in/analyticsnerd',
                             'https://www.youtube.com/user/optimizesmart',
                             'https://twitter.com/analyticsnerd'],
                 'url': 'https://www.optimizesmart.com/'}],
  'microdata': [ { 'properties': {'headline': ''},
                   'type': 'http://schema.org/WPHeader'}],
  'microformat': [ { 'children': [ { 'properties': { 'category': [ 'specialized-tracking'],
                                                     'name': [ 'Open Graph '
                                                               'Protocol for '
                                                               'Facebook '
                                                               'explained with '
                                                               'examples\n'
                                                               '\n'
                                                               'Specialized '
                                                               'Tracking\n'
                                                               '\n'
                                                               '\n'
                                                               (...)
                                                               'Follow '
                                                               '@analyticsnerd\n'
                                                               '!function(d,s,id){var '
                                                               "js,fjs=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],p=/^http:/.test(d.location)?'http':'https';if(!d.getElementById(id)){js=d.createElement(s);js.id=id;js.src=p+'://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js';fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js,fjs);}}(document, "
                                                               "'script', "
                                                               "'twitter-wjs');"]},
                                     'type': ['h-entry']}],
                     'properties': { 'name': [ 'Open Graph Protocol for '
                                               'Facebook explained with '
                                               'examples\n'
                                               (...)
                                               'Follow @analyticsnerd\n'
                                               '!function(d,s,id){var '
                                               "js,fjs=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],p=/^http:/.test(d.location)?'http':'https';if(!d.getElementById(id)){js=d.createElement(s);js.id=id;js.src=p+'://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js';fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js,fjs);}}(document, "
                                               "'script', 'twitter-wjs');"]},
                     'type': ['h-feed']}],
  'opengraph': [ { 'namespace': {'og': 'http://ogp.me/ns#'},
                   'properties': [ ('og:locale', 'en_US'),
                                   ('og:type', 'article'),
                                   ( 'og:title',
                                     'Open Graph Protocol for Facebook '
                                     'explained with examples'),
                                   ( 'og:description',
                                     'What is Open Graph Protocol and why you '
                                     'need it? Learn to implement Open Graph '
                                     'Protocol for Facebook on your website. '
                                     'Open Graph Protocol Meta Tags.'),
                                   ( 'og:url',
                                     'https://www.optimizesmart.com/how-to-use-open-graph-protocol/'),
                                   ('og:site_name', 'Optimize Smart'),
                                   ( 'og:updated_time',
                                     '2018-03-09T16:26:35+00:00'),
                                   ( 'og:image',
                                     'https://www.optimizesmart.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/07/open-graph-protocol.jpg'),
                                   ( 'og:image:secure_url',
                                     'https://www.optimizesmart.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/07/open-graph-protocol.jpg')]}],
  'rdfa': [ { '@id': 'https://www.optimizesmart.com/how-to-use-open-graph-protocol/#header',
              'http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml/vocab#role': [ { '@id': 'http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml/vocab#banner'}]},
            { '@id': 'https://www.optimizesmart.com/how-to-use-open-graph-protocol/',
              'article:modified_time': [ { '@value': '2018-03-09T16:26:35+00:00'}],
              'article:published_time': [ { '@value': '2010-07-02T18:57:23+00:00'}],
              'article:publisher': [ { '@value': 'https://#/optimizesmart/'}],
              'article:section': [{'@value': 'Specialized Tracking'}],
              'http://ogp.me/ns#description': [ { '@value': 'What is Open '
                                                            'Graph Protocol '
                                                            'and why you need '
                                                            'it? Learn to '
                                                            'implement Open '
                                                            'Graph Protocol '
                                                            'for Facebook on '
                                                            'your website. '
                                                            'Open Graph '
                                                            'Protocol Meta '
                                                            'Tags.'}],
              'http://ogp.me/ns#image': [ { '@value': 'https://www.optimizesmart.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/07/open-graph-protocol.jpg'}],
              'http://ogp.me/ns#image:secure_url': [ { '@value': 'https://www.optimizesmart.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/07/open-graph-protocol.jpg'}],
              'http://ogp.me/ns#locale': [{'@value': 'en_US'}],
              'http://ogp.me/ns#site_name': [{'@value': 'Optimize Smart'}],
              'http://ogp.me/ns#title': [ { '@value': 'Open Graph Protocol for '
                                                      'Facebook explained with '
                                                      'examples'}],
              'http://ogp.me/ns#type': [{'@value': 'article'}],
              'http://ogp.me/ns#updated_time': [ { '@value': '2018-03-09T16:26:35+00:00'}],
              'http://ogp.me/ns#url': [ { '@value': 'https://www.optimizesmart.com/how-to-use-open-graph-protocol/'}],
              'https://api.w.org/': [ { '@id': 'https://www.optimizesmart.com/wp-json/'}]}]}

选择语法

可以通过传递一个包含要提取的语法的列表来选择要提取的语法。有效值：'microdata'、'json-ld'、'opengraph'、'microformat'、'rdfa'和'dublincore'。如果不传递列表，则将提取所有语法并返回

>>> r = requests.get('http://www.songkick.com/artists/236156-elysian-fields')
>>> base_url = get_base_url(r.text, r.url)
>>> data = extruct.extract(r.text, base_url, syntaxes=['microdata', 'opengraph', 'rdfa'])
>>>
>>> pp.pprint(data)
{ 'microdata': [],
  'opengraph': [ { 'namespace': { 'concerts': 'http://ogp.me/ns/fb/songkick-concerts#',
                                  'fb': 'https://#/2008/fbml',
                                  'og': 'http://ogp.me/ns#'},
                   'properties': [ ('fb:app_id', '308540029359'),
                                   ('og:site_name', 'Songkick'),
                                   ('og:type', 'songkick-concerts:artist'),
                                   ('og:title', 'Elysian Fields'),
                                   ( 'og:description',
                                     'Find out when Elysian Fields is next '
                                     'playing live near you. List of all '
                                     'Elysian Fields tour dates and concerts.'),
                                   ( 'og:url',
                                     'https://www.songkick.com/artists/236156-elysian-fields'),
                                   ( 'og:image',
                                     'http://images.sk-static.com/images/media/img/col4/20100330-103600-169450.jpg')]}],
  'rdfa': [ { '@id': 'https://www.songkick.com/artists/236156-elysian-fields',
              'al:ios:app_name': [{'@value': 'Songkick Concerts'}],
              'al:ios:app_store_id': [{'@value': '438690886'}],
              'al:ios:url': [ { '@value': 'songkick://artists/236156-elysian-fields'}],
              'http://ogp.me/ns#description': [ { '@value': 'Find out when '
                                                            'Elysian Fields is '
                                                            'next playing live '
                                                            'near you. List of '
                                                            'all Elysian '
                                                            'Fields tour dates '
                                                            'and concerts.'}],
              'http://ogp.me/ns#image': [ { '@value': 'http://images.sk-static.com/images/media/img/col4/20100330-103600-169450.jpg'}],
              'http://ogp.me/ns#site_name': [{'@value': 'Songkick'}],
              'http://ogp.me/ns#title': [{'@value': 'Elysian Fields'}],
              'http://ogp.me/ns#type': [{'@value': 'songkick-concerts:artist'}],
              'http://ogp.me/ns#url': [ { '@value': 'https://www.songkick.com/artists/236156-elysian-fields'}],
              'https://#/2008/fbmlapp_id': [ { '@value': '308540029359'}]}]}

或者，如果您在调用extruct之前已经解析了HTML，您可以使用树而不是HTML字符串

>>> # using the request from the previous example
>>> base_url = get_base_url(r.text, r.url)
>>> from extruct.utils import parse_html
>>> tree = parse_html(r.text)
>>> data = extruct.extract(tree, base_url, syntaxes=['microdata', 'opengraph', 'rdfa'])

Microformat格式不支持HTML树，因此您需要使用HTML字符串。

统一

另一种选项是将microformat、opengraph、microdata、dublincore和json-ld语法的输出统一到以下结构

{'@context': 'http://example.com',
             '@type': 'example_type',
             /* All other the properties in keys here */
             }

为此，在调用 extract 时将 uniform=True 设置为真，默认情况下为假以保持向后兼容。这里是与之前相同的示例，但uniform设置为True

>>> r = requests.get('http://www.songkick.com/artists/236156-elysian-fields')
>>> base_url = get_base_url(r.text, r.url)
>>> data = extruct.extract(r.text, base_url, syntaxes=['microdata', 'opengraph', 'rdfa'], uniform=True)
>>>
>>> pp.pprint(data)
{ 'microdata': [],
  'opengraph': [ { '@context': { 'concerts': 'http://ogp.me/ns/fb/songkick-concerts#',
                               'fb': 'https://#/2008/fbml',
                               'og': 'http://ogp.me/ns#'},
                 '@type': 'songkick-concerts:artist',
                 'fb:app_id': '308540029359',
                 'og:description': 'Find out when Elysian Fields is next '
                                   'playing live near you. List of all '
                                   'Elysian Fields tour dates and concerts.',
                 'og:image': 'http://images.sk-static.com/images/media/img/col4/20100330-103600-169450.jpg',
                 'og:site_name': 'Songkick',
                 'og:title': 'Elysian Fields',
                 'og:url': 'https://www.songkick.com/artists/236156-elysian-fields'}],
  'rdfa': [ { '@id': 'https://www.songkick.com/artists/236156-elysian-fields',
              'al:ios:app_name': [{'@value': 'Songkick Concerts'}],
              'al:ios:app_store_id': [{'@value': '438690886'}],
              'al:ios:url': [ { '@value': 'songkick://artists/236156-elysian-fields'}],
              'http://ogp.me/ns#description': [ { '@value': 'Find out when '
                                                            'Elysian Fields is '
                                                            'next playing live '
                                                            'near you. List of '
                                                            'all Elysian '
                                                            'Fields tour dates '
                                                            'and concerts.'}],
              'http://ogp.me/ns#image': [ { '@value': 'http://images.sk-static.com/images/media/img/col4/20100330-103600-169450.jpg'}],
              'http://ogp.me/ns#site_name': [{'@value': 'Songkick'}],
              'http://ogp.me/ns#title': [{'@value': 'Elysian Fields'}],
              'http://ogp.me/ns#type': [{'@value': 'songkick-concerts:artist'}],
              'http://ogp.me/ns#url': [ { '@value': 'https://www.songkick.com/artists/236156-elysian-fields'}],
              'https://#/2008/fbmlapp_id': [ { '@value': '308540029359'}]}]}

注意：rdfa结构尚未统一。

返回HTML节点

还可以获取每个提取的元数据项的HTML节点的引用。该功能仅由microdata语法支持。

要使用此功能，只需将 extract 方法的 return_html_node 选项设置为 True。结果，结果中将为每个项包括一个额外的“nodeHtml”键。每个节点都是 lxml.etree.Element 类型

>>> r = requests.get('http://www.rugpadcorner.com/shop/no-muv/')
>>> base_url = get_base_url(r.text, r.url)
>>> data = extruct.extract(r.text, base_url, syntaxes=['microdata'], return_html_node=True)
>>>
>>> pp.pprint(data)
{ 'microdata': [ { 'htmlNode': <Element div at 0x7f10f8e6d3b8>,
                   'properties': { 'description': 'KEEP RUGS FLAT ON CARPET!\n'
                                                  'Not your thin sticky pad, '
                                                  'No-Muv is truly the best!',
                                   'image': ['', ''],
                                   'name': ['No-Muv', 'No-Muv'],
                                   'offers': [ { 'htmlNode': <Element div at 0x7f10f8e6d138>,
                                                 'properties': { 'availability': 'http://schema.org/InStock',
                                                                 'price': 'Price:  '
                                                                          '$45'},
                                                 'type': 'http://schema.org/Offer'},
                                               { 'htmlNode': <Element div at 0x7f10f8e60f48>,
                                                 'properties': { 'availability': 'http://schema.org/InStock',
                                                                 'price': '(Select '
                                                                          'Size/Shape '
                                                                          'for '
                                                                          'Pricing)'},
                                                 'type': 'http://schema.org/Offer'}],
                                   'ratingValue': ['5.00', '5.00']},
                   'type': 'http://schema.org/Product'}]}

Microdata提取

>>> import pprint
>>> pp = pprint.PrettyPrinter(indent=2)
>>>
>>> from extruct.w3cmicrodata import MicrodataExtractor
>>>
>>> # example from http://www.w3.org/TR/microdata/#associating-names-with-items
>>> html = """<!DOCTYPE HTML>
... <html>
...  <head>
...   <title>Photo gallery</title>
...  </head>
...  <body>
...   <h1>My photos</h1>
...   <figure itemscope itemtype="http://n.whatwg.org/work" itemref="licenses">
...    <img itemprop="work" src="images/house.jpeg" alt="A white house, boarded up, sits in a forest.">
...    <figcaption itemprop="title">The house I found.</figcaption>
...   </figure>
...   <figure itemscope itemtype="http://n.whatwg.org/work" itemref="licenses">
...    <img itemprop="work" src="images/mailbox.jpeg" alt="Outside the house is a mailbox. It has a leaflet inside.">
...    <figcaption itemprop="title">The mailbox.</figcaption>
...   </figure>
...   <footer>
...    <p id="licenses">All images licensed under the <a itemprop="license"
...    href="https://open-source.org.cn/licenses/mit-license.php">MIT
...    license</a>.</p>
...   </footer>
...  </body>
... </html>"""
>>>
>>> mde = MicrodataExtractor()
>>> data = mde.extract(html)
>>> pp.pprint(data)
[{'properties': {'license': 'https://open-source.org.cn/licenses/mit-license.php',
                 'title': 'The house I found.',
                 'work': 'http://www.example.com/images/house.jpeg'},
  'type': 'http://n.whatwg.org/work'},
 {'properties': {'license': 'https://open-source.org.cn/licenses/mit-license.php',
                 'title': 'The mailbox.',
                 'work': 'http://www.example.com/images/mailbox.jpeg'},
  'type': 'http://n.whatwg.org/work'}]

JSON-LD提取

>>> import pprint
>>> pp = pprint.PrettyPrinter(indent=2)
>>>
>>> from extruct.jsonld import JsonLdExtractor
>>>
>>> html = """<!DOCTYPE HTML>
... <html>
...  <head>
...   <title>Some Person Page</title>
...  </head>
...  <body>
...   <h1>This guys</h1>
...     <script type="application/ld+json">
...     {
...       "@context": "http://schema.org",
...       "@type": "Person",
...       "name": "John Doe",
...       "jobTitle": "Graduate research assistant",
...       "affiliation": "University of Dreams",
...       "additionalName": "Johnny",
...       "url": "http://www.example.com",
...       "address": {
...         "@type": "PostalAddress",
...         "streetAddress": "1234 Peach Drive",
...         "addressLocality": "Wonderland",
...         "addressRegion": "Georgia"
...       }
...     }
...     </script>
...  </body>
... </html>"""
>>>
>>> jslde = JsonLdExtractor()
>>>
>>> data = jslde.extract(html)
>>> pp.pprint(data)
[{'@context': 'http://schema.org',
  '@type': 'Person',
  'additionalName': 'Johnny',
  'address': {'@type': 'PostalAddress',
              'addressLocality': 'Wonderland',
              'addressRegion': 'Georgia',
              'streetAddress': '1234 Peach Drive'},
  'affiliation': 'University of Dreams',
  'jobTitle': 'Graduate research assistant',
  'name': 'John Doe',
  'url': 'http://www.example.com'}]

RDFa提取（实验性）

>>> import pprint
>>> pp = pprint.PrettyPrinter(indent=2)
>>> from extruct.rdfa import RDFaExtractor  # you can ignore the warning about html5lib not being available
INFO:rdflib:RDFLib Version: 4.2.1
/home/paul/.virtualenvs/extruct.wheel.test/lib/python3.5/site-packages/rdflib/plugins/parsers/structureddata.py:30: UserWarning: html5lib not found! RDFa and Microdata parsers will not be available.
  'parsers will not be available.')
>>>
>>> html = """<html>
...  <head>
...    ...
...  </head>
...  <body prefix="dc: http://purl.org/dc/terms/ schema: http://schema.org/">
...    <div resource="/alice/posts/trouble_with_bob" typeof="schema:BlogPosting">
...       <h2 property="dc:title">The trouble with Bob</h2>
...       ...
...       <h3 property="dc:creator schema:creator" resource="#me">Alice</h3>
...       <div property="schema:articleBody">
...         <p>The trouble with Bob is that he takes much better photos than I do:</p>
...       </div>
...      ...
...    </div>
...  </body>
... </html>
... """
>>>
>>> rdfae = RDFaExtractor()
>>> pp.pprint(rdfae.extract(html, base_url='http://www.example.com/index.html'))
[{'@id': 'http://www.example.com/alice/posts/trouble_with_bob',
  '@type': ['http://schema.org/BlogPosting'],
  'http://purl.org/dc/terms/creator': [{'@id': 'http://www.example.com/index.html#me'}],
  'http://purl.org/dc/terms/title': [{'@value': 'The trouble with Bob'}],
  'http://schema.org/articleBody': [{'@value': '\n'
                                               '        The trouble with Bob '
                                               'is that he takes much better '
                                               'photos than I do:\n'
                                               '      '}],
  'http://schema.org/creator': [{'@id': 'http://www.example.com/index.html#me'}]}]

您将获得一个展开的JSON-LD节点的列表。

Open Graph提取

>>> import pprint
>>> pp = pprint.PrettyPrinter(indent=2)
>>>
>>> from extruct.opengraph import OpenGraphExtractor
>>>
>>> html = """<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "https://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
... <html xmlns="https://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:og="https://ogp.me/ns#" xmlns:fb="https://#/2008/fbml">
...  <head>
...   <title>Himanshu's Open Graph Protocol</title>
...   <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=WINDOWS-1252" />
...   <meta http-equiv="Content-Language" content="en-us" />
...   <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="event-education.css" />
...   <meta name="verify-v1" content="so4y/3aLT7/7bUUB9f6iVXN0tv8upRwaccek7JKB1gs=" >
...   <meta property="og:title" content="Himanshu's Open Graph Protocol"/>
...   <meta property="og:type" content="article"/>
...   <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.eventeducation.com/test.php"/>
...   <meta property="og:image" content="https://www.eventeducation.com/images/982336_wedding_dayandouan_th.jpg"/>
...   <meta property="fb:admins" content="himanshu160"/>
...   <meta property="og:site_name" content="Event Education"/>
...   <meta property="og:description" content="Event Education provides free courses on event planning and management to event professionals worldwide."/>
...  </head>
...  <body>
...   <div id="fb-root"></div>
...   <script>(function(d, s, id) {
...               var js, fjs = d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0];
...               if (d.getElementById(id)) return;
...                  js = d.createElement(s); js.id = id;
...                  js.src = "//#/en_US/all.js#xfbml=1&appId=501839739845103";
...                  fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js, fjs);
...                  }(document, 'script', 'facebook-jssdk'));</script>
...  </body>
... </html>"""
>>>
>>> opengraphe = OpenGraphExtractor()
>>> pp.pprint(opengraphe.extract(html))
[{"namespace": {
      "og": "http://ogp.me/ns#"
  },
  "properties": [
      [
          "og:title",
          "Himanshu's Open Graph Protocol"
      ],
      [
          "og:type",
          "article"
      ],
      [
          "og:url",
          "https://www.eventeducation.com/test.php"
      ],
      [
          "og:image",
          "https://www.eventeducation.com/images/982336_wedding_dayandouan_th.jpg"
      ],
      [
          "og:site_name",
          "Event Education"
      ],
      [
          "og:description",
          "Event Education provides free courses on event planning and management to event professionals worldwide."
      ]
    ]
 }]

Microformat提取

>>> import pprint
>>> pp = pprint.PrettyPrinter(indent=2)
>>>
>>> from extruct.microformat import MicroformatExtractor
>>>
>>> html = """<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "https://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
... <html xmlns="https://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:og="https://ogp.me/ns#" xmlns:fb="https://#/2008/fbml">
...  <head>
...   <title>Himanshu's Open Graph Protocol</title>
...   <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=WINDOWS-1252" />
...   <meta http-equiv="Content-Language" content="en-us" />
...   <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="event-education.css" />
...   <meta name="verify-v1" content="so4y/3aLT7/7bUUB9f6iVXN0tv8upRwaccek7JKB1gs=" >
...   <meta property="og:title" content="Himanshu's Open Graph Protocol"/>
...   <article class="h-entry">
...    <h1 class="p-name">Microformats are amazing</h1>
...    <p>Published by <a class="p-author h-card" href="http://example.com">W. Developer</a>
...       on <time class="dt-published" datetime="2013-06-13 12:00:00">13<sup>th</sup> June 2013</time></p>
...    <p class="p-summary">In which I extoll the virtues of using microformats.</p>
...    <div class="e-content">
...     <p>Blah blah blah</p>
...    </div>
...   </article>
...  </head>
...  <body></body>
... </html>"""
>>>
>>> microformate = MicroformatExtractor()
>>> data = microformate.extract(html)
>>> pp.pprint(data)
[{"type": [
      "h-entry"
  ],
  "properties": {
      "name": [
          "Microformats are amazing"
      ],
      "author": [
          {
              "type": [
                  "h-card"
              ],
              "properties": {
                  "name": [
                      "W. Developer"
                  ],
                  "url": [
                      "http://example.com"
                  ]
              },
              "value": "W. Developer"
          }
      ],
      "published": [
          "2013-06-13 12:00:00"
      ],
      "summary": [
          "In which I extoll the virtues of using microformats."
      ],
      "content": [
          {
              "html": "\n<p>Blah blah blah</p>\n",
              "value": "\nBlah blah blah\n"
          }
      ]
    }
 }]

DublinCore提取

>>> import pprint
>>> pp = pprint.PrettyPrinter(indent=2)
>>> from extruct.dublincore import DublinCoreExtractor
>>> html = '''<head profile="http://dublincore.org/documents/dcq-html/">
... <title>Expressing Dublin Core in HTML/XHTML meta and link elements</title>
... <link rel="schema.DC" href="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" />
... <link rel="schema.DCTERMS" href="http://purl.org/dc/terms/" />
...
...
... <meta name="DC.title" lang="en" content="Expressing Dublin Core
... in HTML/XHTML meta and link elements" />
... <meta name="DC.creator" content="Andy Powell, UKOLN, University of Bath" />
... <meta name="DCTERMS.issued" scheme="DCTERMS.W3CDTF" content="2003-11-01" />
... <meta name="DC.identifier" scheme="DCTERMS.URI"
... content="http://dublincore.org/documents/dcq-html/" />
... <link rel="DCTERMS.replaces" hreflang="en"
... href="http://dublincore.org/documents/2000/08/15/dcq-html/" />
... <meta name="DCTERMS.abstract" content="This document describes how
... qualified Dublin Core metadata can be encoded
... in HTML/XHTML &lt;meta&gt; elements" />
... <meta name="DC.format" scheme="DCTERMS.IMT" content="text/html" />
... <meta name="DC.type" scheme="DCTERMS.DCMIType" content="Text" />
... <meta name="DC.Date.modified" content="2001-07-18" />
... <meta name="DCTERMS.modified" content="2001-07-18" />'''
>>> dublinlde = DublinCoreExtractor()
>>> data = dublinlde.extract(html)
>>> pp.pprint(data)
[ { 'elements': [ { 'URI': 'http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/title',
                    'content': 'Expressing Dublin Core\n'
                               'in HTML/XHTML meta and link elements',
                    'lang': 'en',
                    'name': 'DC.title'},
                  { 'URI': 'http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/creator',
                    'content': 'Andy Powell, UKOLN, University of Bath',
                    'name': 'DC.creator'},
                  { 'URI': 'http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/identifier',
                    'content': 'http://dublincore.org/documents/dcq-html/',
                    'name': 'DC.identifier',
                    'scheme': 'DCTERMS.URI'},
                  { 'URI': 'http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/format',
                    'content': 'text/html',
                    'name': 'DC.format',
                    'scheme': 'DCTERMS.IMT'},
                  { 'URI': 'http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/type',
                    'content': 'Text',
                    'name': 'DC.type',
                    'scheme': 'DCTERMS.DCMIType'}],
    'namespaces': { 'DC': 'http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/',
                    'DCTERMS': 'http://purl.org/dc/terms/'},
    'terms': [ { 'URI': 'http://purl.org/dc/terms/issued',
                 'content': '2003-11-01',
                 'name': 'DCTERMS.issued',
                 'scheme': 'DCTERMS.W3CDTF'},
               { 'URI': 'http://purl.org/dc/terms/abstract',
                 'content': 'This document describes how\n'
                            'qualified Dublin Core metadata can be encoded\n'
                            'in HTML/XHTML <meta> elements',
                 'name': 'DCTERMS.abstract'},
               { 'URI': 'http://purl.org/dc/terms/modified',
                 'content': '2001-07-18',
                 'name': 'DC.Date.modified'},
               { 'URI': 'http://purl.org/dc/terms/modified',
                 'content': '2001-07-18',
                 'name': 'DCTERMS.modified'},
               { 'URI': 'http://purl.org/dc/terms/replaces',
                 'href': 'http://dublincore.org/documents/2000/08/15/dcq-html/',
                 'hreflang': 'en',
                 'rel': 'DCTERMS.replaces'}]}]

依赖项

命令行工具依赖于 requests，它不是在安装 extruct 时默认安装的。为了使用命令行工具，您可以安装带有 cli 额外需求的 extruct。

pip install 'extruct[cli]'

使用

extruct "http://example.com"

下载“http://example.com”并将Microdata、JSON-LD和RDFa、Open Graph和Microformat元数据输出到 stdout。

支持参数

默认情况下，命令行工具将尝试从页面提取所有支持的元数据格式（目前为Microdata、JSON-LD、RDFa、Open Graph和Microformat）。如果您只想将输出限制为其中一个或这些的子集，您可以通过'syntaxes'参数传递一个包含它们各自名称的列表。

例如，此命令只从“http://example.com”提取Microdata和JSON-LD元数据

extruct "http://example.com" --syntaxes microdata json-ld

注意：传递的语法名称必须与以下对应：microdata、json-ld、rdfa、opengraph、microformat