Docker层压缩工具
项目描述
问题
Docker在构建镜像时创建了多个层。有时在镜像中并不需要或希望有这些层。例如，Dockerfile中的ADD指令创建了一个包含您希望包含在镜像中的文件的单一层。当这些文件只是临时文件（例如，您希望解包的产品分发）时，就会出现问题。即使您在下一层删除这些文件，Docker也会始终携带这个不必要的层。这浪费了时间（需要推送/加载/保存更多数据）和资源（更大的镜像）。
压缩有助于组织图像的逻辑层。而不是拥有包含多个（几乎在所有情况下）不必要的层的图像，我们可以控制图像的结构。
功能
可以从图像中压缩最后n层
可以从选定的层压缩到末尾（不一定总是可能，取决于图像）
支持Docker 1.9或更高版本（旧版本也可能运行得很好，试试看！）
压缩后的图像可以重新加载到Docker守护程序或作为tar存档存储在某个位置
安装
从源代码
$ pip install --user https://github.com/goldmann/docker-squash/archive/master.zip
从PyPi
$ pip install docker-squash
它支持Python 3.6及以上版本。
用法
$ docker-squash -h
usage: cli.py [-h] [-v] [--version] [-d] [-f FROM_LAYER] [-t TAG]
[--tmp-dir TMP_DIR] [--output-path OUTPUT_PATH]
image
Docker layer squashing tool
positional arguments:
image Image to be squashed
optional arguments:
-h, --help show this help message and exit
-v, --verbose Verbose output
--version Show version and exit
-f FROM_LAYER, --from-layer FROM_LAYER
Number of layers to squash or ID of the layer (or image ID or image name) to squash from.
In case the provided value is an integer, specified number of layers will be squashed.
Every layer in the image will be squashed if the parameter is not provided.
-t TAG, --tag TAG Specify the tag to be used for the new image. If not specified no tag will be applied
-m MESSAGE, --message MESSAGE
Specify a commit message (comment) for the new image.
-c, --cleanup Remove source image from Docker after squashing
--tmp-dir TMP_DIR Temporary directory to be created and used. This will NOT be deleted afterwards for
easier debugging.
--output-path OUTPUT_PATH
Path where the image may be stored after squashing.
--load-image [LOAD_IMAGE]
Whether to load the image into Docker daemon after squashing
Default: true
请注意，环境变量可以设置，如此处所述。
许可协议
MIT
示例
我们从一个这样的图像开始
$ docker history jboss/wildfly:latest IMAGE CREATED CREATED BY SIZE COMMENT 25954e6d2300 3 weeks ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) CMD ["/opt/jboss/wildfly/bi 0 B 5ae69cb454a5 3 weeks ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) EXPOSE 8080/tcp 0 B dc24712f35c4 3 weeks ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ENV LAUNCH_JBOSS_IN_BACKGRO 0 B d929129d4c8e 3 weeks ago /bin/sh -c cd $HOME && curl -O https://do 160.8 MB b8fa3caf7d6d 3 weeks ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ENV JBOSS_HOME=/opt/jboss/w 0 B 38b8f85e74bf 3 weeks ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ENV WILDFLY_SHA1=c0dd7552c5 0 B ae79b646b9a9 3 weeks ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ENV WILDFLY_VERSION=10.0.0. 0 B 2b4606dc9dc7 3 weeks ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ENV JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/ 0 B 118fa9e33576 3 weeks ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) USER [jboss] 0 B 5f7e8f36c3bb 3 weeks ago /bin/sh -c yum -y install java-1.8.0-openjdk- 197.4 MB 3d4d0228f161 3 weeks ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) USER [root] 0 B f7ab4ea19708 3 weeks ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) MAINTAINER Marek Goldmann < 0 B 4bb15f3b6977 3 weeks ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) USER [jboss] 0 B 5dc1e49f4361 3 weeks ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) WORKDIR /opt/jboss 0 B 7f0f9eb31174 3 weeks ago /bin/sh -c groupadd -r jboss -g 1000 && usera 4.349 kB bd515f044af7 3 weeks ago /bin/sh -c yum update -y && yum -y install xm 25.18 MB b78336099045 3 weeks ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) MAINTAINER Marek Goldmann < 0 B 4816a298548c 3 weeks ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) CMD ["/bin/bash"] 0 B 6ee235cf4473 3 weeks ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) LABEL name=CentOS Base Imag 0 B 474c2ee77fa3 3 weeks ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ADD file:72852fc7626d233343 196.6 MB 1544084fad81 6 months ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) MAINTAINER The CentOS Proje 0 B
并且我们希望压缩所有层到层4bb15f3b6977。
$ docker-squash -f 4bb15f3b6977 -t jboss/wildfly:squashed jboss/wildfly:latest 2016-04-01 13:11:02,358 root INFO docker-scripts version 1.0.0dev, Docker 7206621, API 1.21... 2016-04-01 13:11:02,358 root INFO Using v1 image format 2016-04-01 13:11:02,374 root INFO Old image has 21 layers 2016-04-01 13:11:02,378 root INFO Checking if squashing is necessary... 2016-04-01 13:11:02,378 root INFO Attempting to squash last 12 layers... 2016-04-01 13:11:02,378 root INFO Saving image 25954e6d230006235eecb7f0cc560264d73146985c2d2e663bac953d660b8730 to /tmp/docker-squash-fbxZz4/old/image.tar file... 2016-04-01 13:11:08,003 root INFO Image saved! 2016-04-01 13:11:08,031 root INFO Unpacking /tmp/docker-squash-fbxZz4/old/image.tar tar file to /tmp/docker-squash-fbxZz4/old directory 2016-04-01 13:11:08,588 root INFO Archive unpacked! 2016-04-01 13:11:08,636 root INFO Squashing image 'jboss/wildfly:latest'... 2016-04-01 13:11:08,637 root INFO Starting squashing... 2016-04-01 13:11:08,637 root INFO Squashing file '/tmp/docker-squash-fbxZz4/old/25954e6d230006235eecb7f0cc560264d73146985c2d2e663bac953d660b8730/layer.tar'... 2016-04-01 13:11:08,637 root INFO Squashing file '/tmp/docker-squash-fbxZz4/old/5ae69cb454a5a542f63e148ce40fb9e01de5bb01805b4ded238841bc2ce8e895/layer.tar'... 2016-04-01 13:11:08,637 root INFO Squashing file '/tmp/docker-squash-fbxZz4/old/dc24712f35c40e958be8aca2731e7bf8353b9b18baa6a94ad84c6952cbc77004/layer.tar'... 2016-04-01 13:11:08,638 root INFO Squashing file '/tmp/docker-squash-fbxZz4/old/d929129d4c8e61ea3661eb42c30d01f4c152418689178afc7dc8185a37814528/layer.tar'... 2016-04-01 13:11:09,113 root INFO Squashing file '/tmp/docker-squash-fbxZz4/old/b8fa3caf7d6dc228bf2499a3af86e5073ad0c17304c3900fa341e9d2fe4e5655/layer.tar'... 2016-04-01 13:11:09,115 root INFO Squashing file '/tmp/docker-squash-fbxZz4/old/38b8f85e74bfa773a0ad69da2205dc0148945e6f5a7ceb04fa4e8619e1de425b/layer.tar'... 2016-04-01 13:11:09,115 root INFO Squashing file '/tmp/docker-squash-fbxZz4/old/ae79b646b9a9a287c5f6a01871cc9d9ee596dafee2db942714ca3dea0c06eef3/layer.tar'... 2016-04-01 13:11:09,115 root INFO Squashing file '/tmp/docker-squash-fbxZz4/old/2b4606dc9dc773aa220a65351fe8d54f03534c58fea230960e95915222366074/layer.tar'... 2016-04-01 13:11:09,115 root INFO Squashing file '/tmp/docker-squash-fbxZz4/old/118fa9e33576ecc625ebbbfdf2809c1527e716cb4fd5cb40548eb6d3503a75a9/layer.tar'... 2016-04-01 13:11:09,115 root INFO Squashing file '/tmp/docker-squash-fbxZz4/old/5f7e8f36c3bb20c9db7470a22f828710b4d28aede64966c425add48a1b14fe23/layer.tar'... 2016-04-01 13:11:10,127 root INFO Squashing file '/tmp/docker-squash-fbxZz4/old/3d4d0228f161b67eb46fdb425ad148c31d9944dcb822f67eac3e2ac2effefc73/layer.tar'... 2016-04-01 13:11:10,129 root INFO Squashing file '/tmp/docker-squash-fbxZz4/old/f7ab4ea197084ab7483a2ca5409bdcf5473141bfb61b8687b1329943359cc3fe/layer.tar'... 2016-04-01 13:11:10,732 root INFO Squashing finished! 2016-04-01 13:11:10,737 root INFO New squashed image ID is 52255e75d3eb83123e074f897e8c971dec9d1168a5c82d7c1496a190da2e40ef 2016-04-01 13:11:14,563 root INFO Image registered in Docker daemon as jboss/wildfly:squashed 2016-04-01 13:11:14,652 root INFO Done
我们现在可以确认层结构
$ docker history jboss/wildfly:squashed IMAGE CREATED CREATED BY SIZE COMMENT 52255e75d3eb 40 seconds ago 358.2 MB 4bb15f3b6977 3 weeks ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) USER [jboss] 0 B 5dc1e49f4361 3 weeks ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) WORKDIR /opt/jboss 0 B 7f0f9eb31174 3 weeks ago /bin/sh -c groupadd -r jboss -g 1000 && usera 4.349 kB bd515f044af7 3 weeks ago /bin/sh -c yum update -y && yum -y install xm 25.18 MB b78336099045 3 weeks ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) MAINTAINER Marek Goldmann < 0 B 4816a298548c 3 weeks ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) CMD ["/bin/bash"] 0 B 6ee235cf4473 3 weeks ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) LABEL name=CentOS Base Imag 0 B 474c2ee77fa3 3 weeks ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ADD file:72852fc7626d233343 196.6 MB 1544084fad81 6 months ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) MAINTAINER The CentOS Proje 0 B
另一种选择是指定我们想要压缩的层数（从最新层开始计数）。让我们压缩jboss/wildfly:latest图像的最后10层
$ docker-squash -f 10 -t jboss/wildfly:squashed jboss/wildfly:latest 2016-04-01 13:15:06,488 root INFO docker-scripts version 1.0.0dev, Docker 7206621, API 1.21... 2016-04-01 13:15:06,488 root INFO Using v1 image format 2016-04-01 13:15:06,504 root INFO Old image has 21 layers 2016-04-01 13:15:06,504 root INFO Checking if squashing is necessary... 2016-04-01 13:15:06,504 root INFO Attempting to squash last 10 layers... 2016-04-01 13:15:06,505 root INFO Saving image 25954e6d230006235eecb7f0cc560264d73146985c2d2e663bac953d660b8730 to /tmp/docker-squash-fu80CX/old/image.tar file... 2016-04-01 13:15:12,136 root INFO Image saved! 2016-04-01 13:15:12,167 root INFO Unpacking /tmp/docker-squash-fu80CX/old/image.tar tar file to /tmp/docker-squash-fu80CX/old directory 2016-04-01 13:15:12,706 root INFO Archive unpacked! 2016-04-01 13:15:12,756 root INFO Squashing image 'jboss/wildfly:latest'... 2016-04-01 13:15:12,756 root INFO Starting squashing... 2016-04-01 13:15:12,756 root INFO Squashing file '/tmp/docker-squash-fu80CX/old/25954e6d230006235eecb7f0cc560264d73146985c2d2e663bac953d660b8730/layer.tar'... 2016-04-01 13:15:12,757 root INFO Squashing file '/tmp/docker-squash-fu80CX/old/5ae69cb454a5a542f63e148ce40fb9e01de5bb01805b4ded238841bc2ce8e895/layer.tar'... 2016-04-01 13:15:12,757 root INFO Squashing file '/tmp/docker-squash-fu80CX/old/dc24712f35c40e958be8aca2731e7bf8353b9b18baa6a94ad84c6952cbc77004/layer.tar'... 2016-04-01 13:15:12,757 root INFO Squashing file '/tmp/docker-squash-fu80CX/old/d929129d4c8e61ea3661eb42c30d01f4c152418689178afc7dc8185a37814528/layer.tar'... 2016-04-01 13:15:13,234 root INFO Squashing file '/tmp/docker-squash-fu80CX/old/b8fa3caf7d6dc228bf2499a3af86e5073ad0c17304c3900fa341e9d2fe4e5655/layer.tar'... 2016-04-01 13:15:13,235 root INFO Squashing file '/tmp/docker-squash-fu80CX/old/38b8f85e74bfa773a0ad69da2205dc0148945e6f5a7ceb04fa4e8619e1de425b/layer.tar'... 2016-04-01 13:15:13,235 root INFO Squashing file '/tmp/docker-squash-fu80CX/old/ae79b646b9a9a287c5f6a01871cc9d9ee596dafee2db942714ca3dea0c06eef3/layer.tar'... 2016-04-01 13:15:13,235 root INFO Squashing file '/tmp/docker-squash-fu80CX/old/2b4606dc9dc773aa220a65351fe8d54f03534c58fea230960e95915222366074/layer.tar'... 2016-04-01 13:15:13,236 root INFO Squashing file '/tmp/docker-squash-fu80CX/old/118fa9e33576ecc625ebbbfdf2809c1527e716cb4fd5cb40548eb6d3503a75a9/layer.tar'... 2016-04-01 13:15:13,236 root INFO Squashing file '/tmp/docker-squash-fu80CX/old/5f7e8f36c3bb20c9db7470a22f828710b4d28aede64966c425add48a1b14fe23/layer.tar'... 2016-04-01 13:15:14,848 root INFO Squashing finished! 2016-04-01 13:15:14,853 root INFO New squashed image ID is fde7edd2e5683c97bedf9c0bf52ad5150db5650e421de3d9293ce5223b256455 2016-04-01 13:15:18,963 root INFO Image registered in Docker daemon as jboss/wildfly:squashed 2016-04-01 13:15:19,059 root INFO Done
我们现在可以确认图像结构
$ docker history jboss/wildfly:squashed IMAGE CREATED CREATED BY SIZE COMMENT fde7edd2e568 32 seconds ago 358.2 MB 3d4d0228f161 3 weeks ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) USER [root] 0 B f7ab4ea19708 3 weeks ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) MAINTAINER Marek Goldmann < 0 B 4bb15f3b6977 3 weeks ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) USER [jboss] 0 B 5dc1e49f4361 3 weeks ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) WORKDIR /opt/jboss 0 B 7f0f9eb31174 3 weeks ago /bin/sh -c groupadd -r jboss -g 1000 && usera 4.349 kB bd515f044af7 3 weeks ago /bin/sh -c yum update -y && yum -y install xm 25.18 MB b78336099045 3 weeks ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) MAINTAINER Marek Goldmann < 0 B 4816a298548c 3 weeks ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) CMD ["/bin/bash"] 0 B 6ee235cf4473 3 weeks ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) LABEL name=CentOS Base Imag 0 B 474c2ee77fa3 3 weeks ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ADD file:72852fc7626d233343 196.6 MB 1544084fad81 6 months ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) MAINTAINER The CentOS Proje 0 B
关闭
docker_squash-1.2.1.tar.gz 的哈希值
| 算法 | 哈希摘要 | |
|---|---|---|
| SHA256 | ecb801ff52baf2b954d6420a82279fa035a40d3bb35ef68f21a7537d9099f05e |
|
| MD5 | e3c0b64ab52f769e8ea8968c4a3e7af3 |
|
| BLAKE2b-256 | c9104bf67bb4e15414f2a5e2a7d20fe773c96f471223b1a4d6dd60f1fe2e6365 |
